JISNS may retract a published article when there is clear evidence that its findings or publication record are seriously unreliable or compromised.

Retraction may be considered in cases involving:

• fabrication or falsification of data;
• serious errors that invalidate the principal findings;
• plagiarism;
• duplicate or redundant publication;
• unauthorized use of data, figures, or other material;
• serious copyright or legal infringement;
• unethical research;
• manipulated or compromised peer review;
• inappropriate authorship practices; or
• failure to disclose a major conflict of interest that materially affected the interpretation or evaluation of the work.

Retraction decisions are made following careful editorial assessment and, where appropriate, consultation with authors, reviewers, institutions, or other relevant parties.

A retraction notice will clearly state the reason for retraction and will remain permanently linked to the original article. JISNS seeks to preserve the scholarly record rather than remove published material without explanation.

Corrections may be issued for honest errors that do not invalidate the main findings or conclusions of the article.

Expressions of concern may be published when an investigation is ongoing and conclusive evidence is not yet available.

All decisions regarding corrections, retractions, or expressions of concern are made following careful review and, where appropriate, consultation with authors and relevant experts. Notices are published clearly and linked to the original article to ensure transparency.